{
  "title": "Be like",
  "note": "Prototype. US commute shares are ACS 2024 and exclusive (including work-from-home). Canadian shares are Census 2021 main mode among people who still commuted (COVID year, no WFH in the denominator). European figures are a perception survey of modes used on a typical day (up to two answers). Singapore is Census 2020 usual mode to work; Hong Kong is Census 2021 main mode to a fixed workplace; Tokyo is the 2020 Population Census usual means to work or school in Tokyo-to. Other Asian cities in this extract still have density and shops only. Density, built-up share, and built-up m² per person use the same GHSL urban-centre outline everywhere (2015). Food and shops are Overture Places (release 2026-08-19.0), not a business census; coverage is thin in mainland China.",
  "sources": {
    "acs": {
      "label": "US Census ACS 2024 1-year, table B08301",
      "url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs.html",
      "via": "Census Reporter, as used on /mode/"
    },
    "qol": {
      "label": "Eurostat urb_percep, 2023 Quality of Life in European Cities survey",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/database",
      "report": "https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/reports/qol2023/2023_quality_life_european_cities_en.pdf"
    },
    "ghsl": {
      "label": "GHSL Urban Centre Database 2015, R2019A v1.2",
      "url": "https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ghs_stat_ucdb2015mt_r2019a.php",
      "method": "https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/degurba.php",
      "citation": "Florczyk et al. 2019. GHS Urban Centre Database 2015, R2019A. European Commission, JRC.",
      "year": 2015,
      "fields": "P15/AREA people per km²; B15/AREA built-up share; BUCAP15 built-up m² per person"
    },
    "overture": {
      "label": "Overture Maps Places, release 2026-08-19.0",
      "url": "https://docs.overturemaps.org/guides/places/",
      "filter": "taxonomy L0 food_and_drink or shopping; confidence ≥ 0.5; not permanently closed; clipped to the GHSL urban-centre polygon",
      "license": "CDLA Permissive 2.0 / Apache 2.0 / CC0 depending on provider"
    },
    "statcan": {
      "label": "Statistics Canada 2021 Census, table 98-10-0457-01",
      "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810045701",
      "universe": "Main mode of commuting. Employed labour force 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address. Excludes worked-at-home."
    },
    "singstat": {
      "label": "Singapore Census of Population 2020, Statistical Release 2, usual mode of transport to work",
      "url": "https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/cop2020/sr2/cop2020sr2.pdf",
      "table": "https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_0ed7781f8111b8b1100b1d8cc1f712a4/view",
      "universe": "Employed residents aged 15+. One usual mode. Public-bus/MRT combinations are the published 57.7% grouping. No-transport-required includes working from home and is not treated as walking."
    },
    "hkcensus": {
      "label": "Hong Kong 2021 Population Census, Main Results, table 6.21",
      "url": "https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/data/stat_report/product/B1120109/att/B11201092021XXXXB0100.pdf",
      "universe": "Working population with a fixed place of work in Hong Kong. Main mode is the one used for the longest distance. On foot only if no other mode."
    },
    "jp_census": {
      "label": "Japan 2020 Population Census, Tokyo Metropolitan Government table 10-2 (usual means to work or school)",
      "url": "https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tyukanj/2020/tj-20index.htm",
      "file": "https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tyukanj/2020/tj20zv1002.csv",
      "universe": "Commuting employed persons and persons attending school, aged 15+, usual residence in Tokyo-to, who leave home. Combinations are exclusive. Motorcycle and bicycle-only are published as one cell."
    }
  },
  "cities": [
    {
      "id": "new-york",
      "name": "New York",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 44.5,
          "carpool": 6.6,
          "transit": 27.2,
          "bike": 0.9,
          "walk": 5.4,
          "wfh": 12.9,
          "car": 51.2
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2963,
        "areaKm2": 5384,
        "population": 15950674,
        "builtUpShare": 0.683,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 231,
        "geo": "New York urban centre",
        "ucId": 945,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 193373,
        "food": 93273,
        "shopping": 100100,
        "perKm2": 35.9,
        "geo": "New York urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "los-angeles",
      "name": "Los Angeles",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 67.0,
          "carpool": 9.7,
          "transit": 3.5,
          "bike": 0.6,
          "walk": 2.3,
          "wfh": 14.9,
          "car": 76.6
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2535,
        "areaKm2": 5633,
        "population": 14281720,
        "builtUpShare": 0.822,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 324,
        "geo": "Los Angeles urban centre",
        "ucId": 14,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 162492,
        "food": 70065,
        "shopping": 92427,
        "perKm2": 28.8,
        "geo": "Los Angeles urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "chicago",
      "name": "Chicago",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 62.5,
          "carpool": 8.0,
          "transit": 9.0,
          "bike": 0.7,
          "walk": 3.3,
          "wfh": 14.9,
          "car": 70.5
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1770,
        "areaKm2": 3830,
        "population": 6779775,
        "builtUpShare": 0.734,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 415,
        "geo": "Chicago urban centre",
        "ucId": 634,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 72915,
        "food": 34615,
        "shopping": 38300,
        "perKm2": 19.0,
        "geo": "Chicago urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "dallas",
      "name": "Dallas",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 70.5,
          "carpool": 10.1,
          "transit": 0.6,
          "bike": 0.1,
          "walk": 1.3,
          "wfh": 15.6,
          "car": 80.7
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1396,
        "areaKm2": 3699,
        "population": 5165561,
        "builtUpShare": 0.703,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 503,
        "geo": "Dallas urban centre",
        "ucId": 323,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 65244,
        "food": 28342,
        "shopping": 36902,
        "perKm2": 17.6,
        "geo": "Dallas urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "houston",
      "name": "Houston",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 71.8,
          "carpool": 11.0,
          "transit": 1.7,
          "bike": 0.3,
          "walk": 1.3,
          "wfh": 12.1,
          "car": 82.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1426,
        "areaKm2": 3418,
        "population": 4873720,
        "builtUpShare": 0.721,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 505,
        "geo": "Houston urban centre",
        "ucId": 315,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 60268,
        "food": 26088,
        "shopping": 34180,
        "perKm2": 17.6,
        "geo": "Houston urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "washington",
      "name": "Washington",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 57.1,
          "carpool": 8.6,
          "transit": 9.0,
          "bike": 0.8,
          "walk": 2.9,
          "wfh": 19.9,
          "car": 65.7
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2173,
        "areaKm2": 1550,
        "population": 3368613,
        "builtUpShare": 0.602,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 277,
        "geo": "Washington D.C. urban centre",
        "ucId": 855,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 34751,
        "food": 18102,
        "shopping": 16649,
        "perKm2": 22.4,
        "geo": "Washington D.C. urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "atlanta",
      "name": "Atlanta",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 67.8,
          "carpool": 8.5,
          "transit": 1.6,
          "bike": 0.1,
          "walk": 1.1,
          "wfh": 18.8,
          "car": 76.4
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1302,
        "areaKm2": 1165,
        "population": 1516952,
        "builtUpShare": 0.601,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 461,
        "geo": "Atlanta urban centre",
        "ucId": 559,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 27882,
        "food": 12681,
        "shopping": 15201,
        "perKm2": 23.9,
        "geo": "Atlanta urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "miami",
      "name": "Miami",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 67.5,
          "carpool": 10.8,
          "transit": 2.6,
          "bike": 0.5,
          "walk": 1.6,
          "wfh": 14.3,
          "car": 78.3
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1778,
        "areaKm2": 3040,
        "population": 5406570,
        "builtUpShare": 0.706,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 397,
        "geo": "Miami urban centre",
        "ucId": 556,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 79428,
        "food": 30840,
        "shopping": 48588,
        "perKm2": 26.1,
        "geo": "Miami urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "philadelphia",
      "name": "Philadelphia",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 64.1,
          "carpool": 7.8,
          "transit": 7.3,
          "bike": 0.6,
          "walk": 3.3,
          "wfh": 15.4,
          "car": 71.9
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2061,
        "areaKm2": 1520,
        "population": 3132223,
        "builtUpShare": 0.613,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 298,
        "geo": "Philadelphia urban centre",
        "ucId": 898,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 34551,
        "food": 16217,
        "shopping": 18334,
        "perKm2": 22.7,
        "geo": "Philadelphia urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "boston",
      "name": "Boston",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 58.3,
          "carpool": 7.5,
          "transit": 9.8,
          "bike": 1.2,
          "walk": 4.8,
          "wfh": 16.2,
          "car": 65.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2204,
        "areaKm2": 936,
        "population": 2063274,
        "builtUpShare": 0.616,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 279,
        "geo": "Boston urban centre",
        "ucId": 1022,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 24350,
        "food": 11911,
        "shopping": 12439,
        "perKm2": 26.0,
        "geo": "Boston urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "phoenix",
      "name": "Phoenix",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 66.3,
          "carpool": 10.5,
          "transit": 1.2,
          "bike": 0.4,
          "walk": 1.4,
          "wfh": 17.8,
          "car": 76.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1568,
        "areaKm2": 2304,
        "population": 3611577,
        "builtUpShare": 0.727,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 464,
        "geo": "Phoenix urban centre",
        "ucId": 79,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 39591,
        "food": 16556,
        "shopping": 23035,
        "perKm2": 17.2,
        "geo": "Phoenix urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "san-francisco",
      "name": "San Francisco",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 53.4,
          "carpool": 9.4,
          "transit": 10.9,
          "bike": 1.6,
          "walk": 4.0,
          "wfh": 18.9,
          "car": 62.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2682,
        "areaKm2": 1717,
        "population": 4604961,
        "builtUpShare": 0.761,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 284,
        "geo": "San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland urban centre (one GHSL outline)",
        "ucId": 10,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 53296,
        "food": 28002,
        "shopping": 25294,
        "perKm2": 31.0,
        "geo": "San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland urban centre (one GHSL outline)",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "seattle",
      "name": "Seattle",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 60.3,
          "carpool": 9.0,
          "transit": 6.3,
          "bike": 1.0,
          "walk": 4.0,
          "wfh": 18.5,
          "car": 69.2
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1421,
        "areaKm2": 1885,
        "population": 2678205,
        "builtUpShare": 0.614,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 432,
        "geo": "Seattle urban centre",
        "ucId": 140,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 33606,
        "food": 16399,
        "shopping": 17207,
        "perKm2": 17.8,
        "geo": "Seattle urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "detroit",
      "name": "Detroit",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metro Area",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "acs_work",
        "year": 2024,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (ACS 2024)",
        "universe": "Workers 16+, one usual mode last week. Shares sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "acs",
        "shares": {
          "driveAlone": 75.6,
          "carpool": 8.0,
          "transit": 0.8,
          "bike": 0.2,
          "walk": 1.2,
          "wfh": 12.5,
          "car": 83.6
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1292,
        "areaKm2": 2545,
        "population": 3288132,
        "builtUpShare": 0.717,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 555,
        "geo": "Detroit urban centre",
        "ucId": 770,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 36925,
        "food": 15258,
        "shopping": 21667,
        "perKm2": 14.5,
        "geo": "Detroit urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "minneapolis",
      "name": "Minneapolis",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Metro Area",
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        "kind": "acs_work",
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        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
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        "geo": "Minneapolis–Saint Paul urban centre",
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    },
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      "name": "Denver",
      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO Metro Area",
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        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
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      "name": "San Diego",
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      "geo": "San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA Metro Area",
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      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
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    },
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      "region": "US",
      "geo": "Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX Metro Area",
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      },
      "places": {
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    },
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      "geo": "Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metro Area",
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      "places": {
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        "geo": "Portland urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
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      "geo": "San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metro Area",
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      },
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        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
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        "perKm2": 31.0,
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      }
    },
    {
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      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Amsterdam (greater city)",
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      },
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      "places": {
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        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
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      }
    },
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      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Barcelona (greater city)",
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        "sourceId": "qol",
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      },
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        "ucId": 2051,
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      "places": {
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        "geo": "Barcelona urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "berlin",
      "name": "Berlin",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Berlin",
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      },
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        "ucId": 2851,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
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        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
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        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
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      }
    },
    {
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      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Bruxelles/Brussel (greater city)",
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      },
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        "ucId": 2135,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
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        "shopping": 7139,
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        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "copenhagen",
      "name": "Copenhagen",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "København (greater city)",
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        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
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      },
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        "ucId": 2749,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
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        "geo": "Copenhagen urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "helsinki",
      "name": "Helsinki",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Helsinki/Helsingfors",
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        "ucId": 3244,
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      },
      "places": {
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        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
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        "food": 4228,
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        "perKm2": 27.5,
        "geo": "Helsinki urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "london",
      "name": "London",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "London",
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        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
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          "bike": 12.2,
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      },
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        "ucId": 1912,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
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        "food": 51031,
        "shopping": 65289,
        "perKm2": 62.4,
        "geo": "London urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "madrid",
      "name": "Madrid",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Madrid (greater city)",
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        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
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      },
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        "ucId": 1701,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
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        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
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        "food": 20431,
        "shopping": 22174,
        "perKm2": 54.6,
        "geo": "Madrid urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "munich",
      "name": "Munich",
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      "geo": "München",
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        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
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        "ucId": 2784,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
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        "food": 6819,
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        "geo": "Munich urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "oslo",
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      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Oslo (greater city)",
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        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
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        "sourceId": "qol",
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      },
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        "geo": "Oslo urban centre",
        "ucId": 2493,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
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        "food": 2795,
        "shopping": 5336,
        "perKm2": 33.6,
        "geo": "Oslo urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "paris",
      "name": "Paris",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Paris (greater city)",
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        "kind": "ec_qol_typical_day",
        "year": 2023,
        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
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        "exclusive": false,
        "sourceId": "qol",
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          "transit": 58.1,
          "train": 5.7,
          "bike": 14.3,
          "walk": 40.5
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      },
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        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
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        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 119,
        "geo": "Paris urban centre",
        "ucId": 2046,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
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        "food": 38543,
        "shopping": 41605,
        "perKm2": 48.9,
        "geo": "Paris urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "prague",
      "name": "Prague",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Praha",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "ec_qol_typical_day",
        "year": 2023,
        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
        "universe": "City residents, up to two answers. Shares do not sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": false,
        "sourceId": "qol",
        "shares": {
          "car": 43.4,
          "transit": 69.1,
          "train": 2.7,
          "bike": 9.3,
          "walk": 25.5
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 3819,
        "areaKm2": 295,
        "population": 1126681,
        "builtUpShare": 0.564,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 148,
        "geo": "Prague urban centre",
        "ucId": 2927,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 18523,
        "food": 8540,
        "shopping": 9983,
        "perKm2": 62.8,
        "geo": "Prague urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "rome",
      "name": "Rome",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Roma",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "ec_qol_typical_day",
        "year": 2023,
        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
        "universe": "City residents, up to two answers. Shares do not sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": false,
        "sourceId": "qol",
        "shares": {
          "car": 58.1,
          "transit": 32.7,
          "train": 3.6,
          "bike": 5.4,
          "walk": 20.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 4861,
        "areaKm2": 482,
        "population": 2342860,
        "builtUpShare": 0.526,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 108,
        "geo": "Rome urban centre",
        "ucId": 2897,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 31966,
        "food": 14466,
        "shopping": 17500,
        "perKm2": 66.3,
        "geo": "Rome urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "rotterdam",
      "name": "Rotterdam",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Rotterdam (greater city)",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "ec_qol_typical_day",
        "year": 2023,
        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
        "universe": "City residents, up to two answers. Shares do not sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": false,
        "sourceId": "qol",
        "shares": {
          "car": 42.4,
          "transit": 32.5,
          "train": 4.6,
          "bike": 28.5,
          "walk": 29.2
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2909,
        "areaKm2": 658,
        "population": 1913888,
        "builtUpShare": 0.638,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 219,
        "geo": "Rotterdam–The Hague urban centre",
        "ucId": 2123,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 18239,
        "food": 7098,
        "shopping": 11141,
        "perKm2": 27.7,
        "geo": "Rotterdam–The Hague urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "stockholm",
      "name": "Stockholm",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Stockholm (greater city)",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "ec_qol_typical_day",
        "year": 2023,
        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
        "universe": "City residents, up to two answers. Shares do not sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": false,
        "sourceId": "qol",
        "shares": {
          "car": 28.4,
          "transit": 56.4,
          "train": 4.5,
          "bike": 19.2,
          "walk": 37.5
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 3615,
        "areaKm2": 361,
        "population": 1305076,
        "builtUpShare": 0.437,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 121,
        "geo": "Stockholm urban centre",
        "ucId": 2973,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 13574,
        "food": 6567,
        "shopping": 7007,
        "perKm2": 37.6,
        "geo": "Stockholm urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "vienna",
      "name": "Vienna",
      "region": "EU",
      "geo": "Wien (greater city)",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "ec_qol_typical_day",
        "year": 2023,
        "label": "Modes used on a typical day (EC 2023)",
        "universe": "City residents, up to two answers. Shares do not sum to 100%.",
        "exclusive": false,
        "sourceId": "qol",
        "shares": {
          "car": 37.3,
          "transit": 49.2,
          "train": 3.9,
          "bike": 15.4,
          "walk": 30.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 4736,
        "areaKm2": 392,
        "population": 1856676,
        "builtUpShare": 0.63,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 133,
        "geo": "Vienna urban centre",
        "ucId": 3027,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 18079,
        "food": 8303,
        "shopping": 9776,
        "perKm2": 46.1,
        "geo": "Vienna urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "toronto",
      "name": "Toronto",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Toronto, Ont. CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 76.0,
          "driver": 68.4,
          "passenger": 7.6,
          "transit": 15.6,
          "walk": 4.6,
          "bike": 1.0
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2990,
        "areaKm2": 2019,
        "population": 6036146,
        "builtUpShare": 0.729,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 244,
        "geo": "Toronto urban centre (GHSL includes Hamilton)",
        "ucId": 875,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 59943,
        "food": 25080,
        "shopping": 34863,
        "perKm2": 29.7,
        "geo": "Toronto urban centre (GHSL includes Hamilton)",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "montreal",
      "name": "Montreal",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Montréal, Que. CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 75.6,
          "driver": 71.0,
          "passenger": 4.6,
          "transit": 15.3,
          "walk": 5.7,
          "bike": 1.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2875,
        "areaKm2": 1080,
        "population": 3105304,
        "builtUpShare": 0.718,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 250,
        "geo": "Montreal urban centre",
        "ucId": 1017,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 29548,
        "food": 12456,
        "shopping": 17092,
        "perKm2": 27.4,
        "geo": "Montreal urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "vancouver",
      "name": "Vancouver",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Vancouver, B.C. CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 74.7,
          "driver": 68.1,
          "passenger": 6.6,
          "transit": 14.9,
          "walk": 6.4,
          "bike": 1.9
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2887,
        "areaKm2": 698,
        "population": 2015030,
        "builtUpShare": 0.628,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 218,
        "geo": "Vancouver urban centre",
        "ucId": 187,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 22275,
        "food": 9499,
        "shopping": 12776,
        "perKm2": 31.9,
        "geo": "Vancouver urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "calgary",
      "name": "Calgary",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Calgary, Alta. CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 84.4,
          "driver": 78.6,
          "passenger": 5.8,
          "transit": 7.9,
          "walk": 4.0,
          "bike": 0.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2233,
        "areaKm2": 460,
        "population": 1027227,
        "builtUpShare": 0.66,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 295,
        "geo": "Calgary urban centre",
        "ucId": 362,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 11478,
        "food": 4635,
        "shopping": 6843,
        "perKm2": 25.0,
        "geo": "Calgary urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ottawa",
      "name": "Ottawa",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Ottawa–Gatineau CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 80.1,
          "driver": 72.8,
          "passenger": 7.3,
          "transit": 9.7,
          "walk": 5.9,
          "bike": 1.3
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2409,
        "areaKm2": 295,
        "population": 710584,
        "builtUpShare": 0.64,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 266,
        "geo": "Ottawa–Gatineau urban centre",
        "ucId": 989,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 7781,
        "food": 3322,
        "shopping": 4459,
        "perKm2": 26.4,
        "geo": "Ottawa–Gatineau urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edmonton",
      "name": "Edmonton",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Edmonton, Alta. CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 87.4,
          "driver": 81.4,
          "passenger": 6.0,
          "transit": 6.1,
          "walk": 3.3,
          "bike": 0.7
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 1990,
        "areaKm2": 490,
        "population": 975001,
        "builtUpShare": 0.68,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 342,
        "geo": "Edmonton urban centre",
        "ucId": 403,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 10922,
        "food": 4164,
        "shopping": 6758,
        "perKm2": 22.3,
        "geo": "Edmonton urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "winnipeg",
      "name": "Winnipeg",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Winnipeg, Man. CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 83.9,
          "driver": 75.2,
          "passenger": 8.7,
          "transit": 8.4,
          "walk": 4.5,
          "bike": 1.2
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2259,
        "areaKm2": 299,
        "population": 675489,
        "builtUpShare": 0.687,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 304,
        "geo": "Winnipeg urban centre",
        "ucId": 625,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 6485,
        "food": 2523,
        "shopping": 3962,
        "perKm2": 21.7,
        "geo": "Winnipeg urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "quebec",
      "name": "Quebec City",
      "region": "CA",
      "geo": "Québec, Que. CMA",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "statcan_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Employed 15+ with a usual place of work or no fixed address. Excludes worked-at-home. 2021 is a COVID commute year. Shares sum to 100% including other methods not shown.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "sourceId": "statcan",
        "shares": {
          "car": 83.6,
          "driver": 78.6,
          "passenger": 4.9,
          "transit": 7.8,
          "walk": 6.1,
          "bike": 1.1
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 2014,
        "areaKm2": 289,
        "population": 581981,
        "builtUpShare": 0.583,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 290,
        "geo": "Quebec City urban centre",
        "ucId": 1048,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 5610,
        "food": 2014,
        "shopping": 3596,
        "perKm2": 19.4,
        "geo": "Quebec City urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "tokyo",
      "name": "Tokyo",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Japan",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "jp_census_work_school",
        "year": 2020,
        "label": "Usual means to work or school (Census 2020)",
        "universe": "Tokyo-to prefecture, usual residence. Employed commuters and students 15+ who leave home. Exclusive combinations. Transit is train only + bus only + train and bus + train and motorcycle or bicycle. Car is private car only. Motorcycle-or-bicycle-only is 14.9% and is not split onto the bike bar. Not the GHSL Tokyo–Yokohama outline.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "hint": "one usual combination; bicycle is lumped with motorcycle (14.9%) and not shown on the bike bar",
        "sourceId": "jp_census",
        "captions": {
          "car": "Private car only, to work or school",
          "transit": "Train and/or bus (including train plus bike or motorcycle)",
          "bike": "We don't know — motorcycle and bicycle are one number (14.9%)",
          "walk": "On foot only, to work or school"
        },
        "shares": {
          "car": 8.8,
          "transit": 62.1,
          "bike": null,
          "walk": 8.8,
          "motorcycleOrBicycle": 14.9
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 6211,
        "areaKm2": 5318,
        "population": 33028731,
        "builtUpShare": 0.689,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 111,
        "geo": "Tokyo–Yokohama urban centre",
        "ucId": 12964,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 336024,
        "food": 215087,
        "shopping": 120937,
        "perKm2": 63.2,
        "geo": "Tokyo–Yokohama urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "osaka",
      "name": "Osaka",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Japan",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 4969,
        "areaKm2": 3158,
        "population": 15692797,
        "builtUpShare": 0.669,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 135,
        "geo": "Osaka–Kyoto–Kobe urban centre",
        "ucId": 12858,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 161159,
        "food": 106495,
        "shopping": 54664,
        "perKm2": 51.0,
        "geo": "Osaka–Kyoto–Kobe urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "seoul",
      "name": "Seoul",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "South Korea",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 8820,
        "areaKm2": 2449,
        "population": 21600841,
        "builtUpShare": 0.441,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 50,
        "geo": "Seoul–Incheon urban centre",
        "ucId": 12389,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 91371,
        "food": 74538,
        "shopping": 16833,
        "perKm2": 37.3,
        "geo": "Seoul–Incheon urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "singapore",
      "name": "Singapore",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Singapore",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "sg_cop_work",
        "year": 2020,
        "label": "Usual commute to work (Census 2020)",
        "universe": "Employed residents 15+. One usual mode. Transit is public bus, MRT/LRT, or combinations of those (the published 57.7%). Car is car only. Taxi, motorcycle, lorry, and no-transport-required are not shown on the four bars. GHSL outline includes Johor Bahru; this survey does not.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "hint": "one usual mode; walk and bicycle are not published separately",
        "sourceId": "singstat",
        "captions": {
          "car": "Car only to work",
          "transit": "Public bus, MRT/LRT, or combinations of those",
          "bike": "We don't know — this census does not publish bicycle separately",
          "walk": "We don't know — no-transport-required is 9.8%, not a walk share"
        },
        "shares": {
          "car": 21.1,
          "transit": 57.7,
          "bike": null,
          "walk": null,
          "motorcycle": 3.4,
          "taxi": 3.1,
          "noTransport": 9.8
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 7874,
        "areaKm2": 879,
        "population": 6920918,
        "builtUpShare": 0.338,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 43,
        "geo": "Singapore–Johor Bahru urban centre (GHSL merges the strait)",
        "ucId": 11498,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 49483,
        "food": 30179,
        "shopping": 19304,
        "perKm2": 56.3,
        "geo": "Singapore–Johor Bahru urban centre (GHSL merges the strait)",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "hong-kong",
      "name": "Hong Kong",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Hong Kong",
      "mode": {
        "kind": "hk_census_work",
        "year": 2021,
        "label": "Main mode to work (Census 2021)",
        "universe": "Working population with a fixed place of work in Hong Kong. Main mode is the longest-distance mode. Transit is MTR local + bus + public light bus + company bus/van + MTR light rail + residential coach + ferry.",
        "exclusive": true,
        "hint": "one main mode, sums to 100% including taxi and others not on the four bars",
        "sourceId": "hkcensus",
        "captions": {
          "car": "Private car or passenger van, main mode",
          "transit": "MTR, bus, minibus, company bus, light rail, or ferry",
          "bike": "We don't know — bicycle is not published separately (in others, 1.4%)",
          "walk": "On foot only"
        },
        "shares": {
          "car": 7.1,
          "transit": 79.5,
          "bike": null,
          "walk": 10.5,
          "taxi": 1.4
        }
      },
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 16308,
        "areaKm2": 350,
        "population": 5707660,
        "builtUpShare": 0.363,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 22,
        "geo": "Hong Kong urban centre",
        "ucId": 12274,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 41684,
        "food": 25060,
        "shopping": 16624,
        "perKm2": 119.1,
        "geo": "Hong Kong urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "taipei",
      "name": "Taipei",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Taiwan",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 8751,
        "areaKm2": 1014,
        "population": 8873427,
        "builtUpShare": 0.374,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 43,
        "geo": "New Taipei–Taipei urban centre",
        "ucId": 12696,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 124887,
        "food": 78541,
        "shopping": 46346,
        "perKm2": 123.2,
        "geo": "New Taipei–Taipei urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bangkok",
      "name": "Bangkok",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Thailand",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 5736,
        "areaKm2": 2568,
        "population": 14730839,
        "builtUpShare": 0.407,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 71,
        "geo": "Bangkok urban centre",
        "ucId": 10715,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 164564,
        "food": 107608,
        "shopping": 56956,
        "perKm2": 64.1,
        "geo": "Bangkok urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "shanghai",
      "name": "Shanghai",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "China",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 7376,
        "areaKm2": 3318,
        "population": 24472119,
        "builtUpShare": 0.635,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 86,
        "geo": "Shanghai urban centre",
        "ucId": 12400,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 9721,
        "food": 6935,
        "shopping": 2786,
        "perKm2": 2.9,
        "geo": "Shanghai urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture",
        "coverage": "thin",
        "coverageNote": "Overture is sparse here relative to other cities in this file. Treat shop density as a coverage warning, not empty streets."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "beijing",
      "name": "Beijing",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "China",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 8502,
        "areaKm2": 2115,
        "population": 17982668,
        "builtUpShare": 0.654,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 77,
        "geo": "Beijing urban centre",
        "ucId": 10687,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 5497,
        "food": 4079,
        "shopping": 1418,
        "perKm2": 2.6,
        "geo": "Beijing urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture",
        "coverage": "thin",
        "coverageNote": "Overture is sparse here relative to other cities in this file. Treat shop density as a coverage warning, not empty streets."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "manila",
      "name": "Manila",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Philippines",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 10685,
        "areaKm2": 2030,
        "population": 21691141,
        "builtUpShare": 0.317,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 30,
        "geo": "Quezon City–Manila urban centre",
        "ucId": 12829,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 92786,
        "food": 51571,
        "shopping": 41215,
        "perKm2": 45.7,
        "geo": "Quezon City–Manila urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "jakarta",
      "name": "Jakarta",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Indonesia",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 7249,
        "areaKm2": 5009,
        "population": 36312539,
        "builtUpShare": 0.377,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 52,
        "geo": "Jakarta urban centre",
        "ucId": 11862,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 93454,
        "food": 51763,
        "shopping": 41691,
        "perKm2": 18.7,
        "geo": "Jakarta urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "kuala-lumpur",
      "name": "Kuala Lumpur",
      "region": "AS",
      "geo": "Malaysia",
      "density": {
        "kind": "ghsl_urban_centre",
        "year": 2015,
        "peoplePerKm2": 4774,
        "areaKm2": 1328,
        "population": 6339649,
        "builtUpShare": 0.59,
        "builtUpM2PerPerson": 124,
        "geo": "Kuala Lumpur urban centre",
        "ucId": 11139,
        "sourceId": "ghsl"
      },
      "places": {
        "kind": "overture_food_shopping",
        "release": "2026-08-19.0",
        "count": 74683,
        "food": 42743,
        "shopping": 31940,
        "perKm2": 56.2,
        "geo": "Kuala Lumpur urban centre",
        "confidenceMin": 0.5,
        "sourceId": "overture"
      }
    }
  ],
  "defaults": {
    "from": "san-francisco",
    "to": "paris"
  }
}